FEDE Toledo Switch and Socket

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Toledo switch and socket frame has been designed by creating very elegant textures and arts in margin of brass alloy frame. Having very few artistic drawing and paintings, this model of lighting switch & socket frame, can be used in both modern or classic environments. Having a vast spectrum of colors, “emerald green” is one of the most special colors which is an ideal option for classic decors. The color-scheme of this switch & socket frames are as following; bright & mat gold, bright & mat patina and bright chrome, graphite, and emerald green.

Grey Ordinary Portland Cement Type 1-425

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Product

Grey Ordinary Portland Cement Type 1-425

Standard

ASTM C150-05

Packing

50 Kg PP Bag/ 1,500 Kg Jumbo Bag

White Portland Cement

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Product

White Portland Cement

Standard

EN 197-1, 52.5

Packing

50 Kg PP Bag/ 1,500 Kg Jumbo Bag

Cement Type 5

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This kind of cement is resistant to sulfate attack. For this, it is used in all places where this property is considered. Portland cement type 2 is generally used when the soil with water that is in contact with the concrete building has a large volume of sulfate salts.

Cement Type 1-325

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Having a strength class of 325 kg/cm2 and due to its chemical properties, this kind of cement is used in general applications and in all places where no special properties of concrete are considered, e.g., preparation of mortars and concrete structures.

7 Complete Toothpaste -Cosmetics

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Containing an anti-bacterial substance and a polymer for deposition on tooth and gums for a long time. Therefore, with each brush with this toothpaste, the bacterial that create plaque and bad breath are removed and the teeth and gums are protected with anti-bacterial substance for 12 hours.

Silica and the white granules in the toothpaste help in white teeth and durability of the white colour on it.

 The tetra sodium phosphate by absorbing the salvia calcium ions prevents formation of calcification plaque on teeth and by injecting calcium in tooth, it helps the resistance and hardness of teeth.

 This product contains fluoride to prevent dental decay and has mint flavour for minty breath and cooling oral cavity.

Emulsions-Bitumen & Tar

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Whatever the end use, application conditions usually require bitumen to behave as a mobile liquid. In principle, there are three ways to make highly-viscous bitumen into a low-viscosity liquid:

  • Heat it
  • Dissolve it in solvents
  • Emulsify it

Bitumen emulsions are two-phased systems consisting of bitumen, water, and one or more additives to assist in formation and stabilization and to modify the properties of the emulsion. The bitumen is dispersed throughout the water phase in the form of discrete globules, typically 0.1 to 50 microns in diameter, which are held in suspension by electrostatic charges stabilized by an emulsifier. Bitumen emulsions can be divided into four classes. The first two are, by far, the most widely used:

  • Cationic emulsions
  • Anionic emulsions
  • Non-ionic emulsions
  • Clay-stabilized emulsions

The terms anionic and cationic stem from the electrical charges on the bitumen globules. This identification system originates from one of the fundamental laws of electricity – like charges repel, unlike charges attract. If an electrical potential is applied between two electrodes immersed in an emulsion containing negatively charged particles of bitumen, they will migrate to the anode. In that case, the emulsion is described as “anionic”. Conversely, in a system containing positively charged particles bitumen, they will move to the cathode and the emulsion is described as “cationic”. The bitumen particles in a non-ionic emulsion are neutral and, therefore, will not migrate to either pole. These types of emulsion are rarely
Bitumen emulsions are divided into three categories in terms of setting:

  • Rapid-setting (RS)
  • Medium-setting (MS)
  • Slow-setting (SS)

Cationic RS emulsion is currently the widely used category in Iran. Emulsion setting is irreversible phenomenon which may occur due to the evaporation of the water phase or the attraction of water by stone materials. Throughout this phenomenon, the water phase disappears and bitumen particles will have less space. Then, the bitumen gradually moves towards the surface or coats the aggregate.

Cationic Emulsions
These emulsions are known as cationic because their bitumen aggregates carry positive charges by using Ammonium salts or Amines compounds. They are divided into the following categories:

Performance Grade (PG)-Bitumen & Tar

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From October 1987 to March 1993, Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) was conducted in the United States. The program was focused on the development of new methods for assessing the performance of bitumen binders. The research resulted in the development of a new method known as Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements (Superpave).
The main specifications of this method included:
Using the efficiency criterion for bitumen binders and asphalt concrete
Considering climatic conditions in application of bitumen
The problems studied in this method are as follows:
Winter low-temperature bitumen cracking not related to loading
Bitumen fatigue cracking due to loading
Summer high-temperature bitumen deformation due to loading
The primary objective behind determining the new specifications was to facilitate the purchase of bitumen products of better quality because these specifications will clearly describe the product for potential buyers. The new specifications also guarantee the proper performance of bitumen in coating. Climatic conditions are important factors in the efficiency of coating, but limited research has been conducted on this issue due to limited time and quite similar weather conditions. Moreover, they would not be precise if the loading factor is not taken into consideration. The producers all around the world, has been started to produce this type of bitumen which POC is a prominent in this regard. Having installed SHRP systems, Pasargad Oil Company is capable of selling bitumen to its customers based on PG method. It worth to remind that in the past, penetration was used as a factor for bitumen grading. In performance grade, the focus is on the mechanical specification of bitumen while in penetration grade, experimental parameters are involved. In Iran, pen-grade is more common, but in some cases, PG has better be used for a better performance. Today, a PG is defined for polymer modified bitumen and pure bitumen based on environmental conditions and temperature. A wider PG range means higher resistance and more favorable specifications. Pasargad Oil Company has the capacity to produce all these grades. This company first conducted climate zoning in Iran to specify the appropriate bitumen for different geographical zones.

VG Bitumen-Bitumen & Tar

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Bitumen is graded based on absolute viscosity at 60 ºC or kinematic viscosity at  135 ºC. The SI physical unit of dynamic viscosity is Poise and kinematic viscosity is expressed in Centi Stokes. Pure bitumen has been graded based on AASHTO-M226 and ASTM-D3381 standards. Tables 1-1 to 1-6 indicate tests and criteria.

Extractor Fan Forward Hood Blower Single Inlet Metallic

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Title Forward Hood Blower Single Inlet Metallic
Fan Model BEF-14/7V2S
Volumetric Flow Rate(m3/h) 550
Fan Diameter (cm) 14
Speed(RPM) 2200
Power(W) 125

Penetration Grades

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In the past, the penetration index was defined based on the assumption that thermal sensitivity in the bitumen used in road construction was zero. Bitumen is a thermoplastic material, meaning that it becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and returns to a solid state upon cooling.
Penetration-grade bitumen is mainly used in road surfacing. Bitumen with lower penetration grade is used in the regions with warm climate while higher penetration grade is used in colder weather.
Pasargad Oil Company is capable of producing different grades of road surfacing bitumen in compliance with national and international standards in its six plants located at Tehran, Tabriz, Arak, Shiraz, Bandar Abbas, and Abadan refineries. Penetration rate bitumen is graded based on penetration and softening point tests. This table describes the physical properties of penetration-grade bitumen based on European standards. Penetration-grade bitumen is mainly used in road construction. During the last two decades of the 20th century, most road construction projects showed inclination for solid bitumen which results in more effective asphalt.

Extractor Fan Forward Hood Blower Single Inlet Plastic

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Title Forward Hood Blower Single Inlet Plastic
Fan Model BEF-14/7V2SP
Volumetric Flow Rate(m3/h) 550
Fan Diameter (cm) 14
Speed(RPM) 2200
Power(W) 125